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What is IPv4? What is IPv6? What are the differences between IPv4 and IPv6?

IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) is a protocol that allows many devices to communicate with each other on the Internet. IPv4 directs the data that devices on the network send to each other and provides communication.

What is IPv4? What is IPv6? What are the differences between IPv4 and IPv6?
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What is IPv4?

IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) is a protocol that allows many devices to communicate with each other on the Internet. IPv4 directs the data that devices on the network send to each other and provides communication.

IPv4 addresses are 32 bits (4 octets) long and a maximum of 4.3 billion individual device addresses can be created. IPv4 addresses are divided into classes A, B, C, D and E and consist of two parts as network address (Network ID) and device address (Host ID). These classes are determined by how the octets of the network address part are separated and vary in the number of networks that can be created and the number of devices that can be connected.

IPv4 is widely used around the world, but due to the insufficient number of addresses, IPv6 has been adopted and expanded.

What is the IPv4 address structure?

IPv4 addresses consist of two 32-bit octets. Octets represent numbers from 0 to 255, and each octet is 8 bits long. Octets are separated using a period (.). For example, an IPv4 address such as 192.168.0.1 consists of 4 octets, and each octet of this address is a number between 0 and 255.

IPv4 addresses specify the identities of networks and computers. An IPv4 address specifies the identity of the network and the identity of a computer within the network. For example, the address 192.168.0.1 represents a computer within the 192.168.0.0 network.

IPv4 addresses are further classified by the types of networks. These are classes A, B, C, D and E. Class A addresses represent the largest networks and cover addresses from 1.0.0.0 to 126.0.0.0. Class B addresses represent medium-sized networks and include addresses from 128.0.0.0 to 191.0.0.0. Class C addresses represent small networks and include addresses between 192.0.0.0 and 223.0.0.0. Classes D and E are used for special purposes.

What is IPv6?

IPv6 is a network protocol called Internet Protocol version 6 (Internet Protocol version 6). This protocol is used to transfer data on the Internet and allows one computer to reach other computers.

IPv6 offers more address space than IPv4, the older protocol used on the Internet. IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses and can generate a maximum of 4.3 billion addresses. This has become insufficient as the number of devices on the Internet has increased and more addresses have become necessary. IPv6, on the other hand, uses 128-bit addresses and can generate billions of billions of addresses, allowing the number of devices on the Internet to be much larger.

IPv6 is also a more secure protocol than IPv4 and offers better security. Also, with IPv6, data transfer is faster and there is less latency.

IPv6 is now being used on the Internet and will completely replace IPv4 in the future.

What is the IPv6 address structure?

IPv6 addresses have a larger addressing capacity than IPv4 addresses, are 128 bits long and are written in 8 blocks. Each block consists of 16 bits and is written using the hexadecimel number system. An example would be an IPv6 address such as:

2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334

In IPv6 addresses, the “:” character is placed between blocks, and if a block contains zeros, those zeros can be highlighted and skipped. For example, the following address is the same as the previous address:

2001:db8:85a3:0:0:8a2e:370:7334

In IPv6 addresses, zero-skipping writes must be written to skip zeros at least once. For example, the following address is not valid because all zeros are omitted:

2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334

In IPv6 addresses, you must skip zeros at least once when writing skipping zeros. Otherwise, this address is not valid and cannot be used.

IPv6 addresses may also use the “::” symbol, which represents at least one zero block between the previous and next blocks. For example, the following address is the same as the previous address:

2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334

However, this symbol can only be used once and should only be used once. Otherwise, the address is not valid and cannot be used.

These features in the structure of IPv6 addresses make it easier to read and write IPv6 addresses, and also make it possible to have more addressing capacity.

What are the differences between IPv4 and IPv6?

IPv4 and IPv6 are two different protocols used for sending data on the internet. The most important differences are:

  1. Addressing capacity: IPv4 has 32-bit addressing capacity, it is written in 4 blocks and each block consists of 8 bits. This was designed to generate a total of 4,294,967,296 different addresses. IPv6, on the other hand, has 128-bit addressing capacity, is written in 8 blocks, and each block consists of 16 bits. This is designed to generate a total of 3.4 x 10^38 different addresses.
  2. Address structure: IPv4 addresses are written using the hexadecimal number system, with a period between the blocks. IPv6 addresses are written using the hexadecimel number system and the “:” character is placed between the blocks. IPv6 addresses can also be written by skipping zero blocks and the symbol “::” can be used, which represents at least one zero block.
  3. Usage: IPv4 has been used since the early years of the internet and is still the main protocol for most of the internet today. However, because the number of IPv4 addresses is limited, the use of IPv6 is becoming more and more common. IPv6 helps to increase the number of devices on the internet due to its wider addressing capacity.
  4. Connection establishment method: When establishing a connection between IPv4 and IPv6, NAT (Network Address Translation) is used between the two devices. NAT provides synchronization of IPv4 addresses and conversion of IPv6 addresses. However, using NAT can create some problems and slow down the speed. Therefore, with the widespread use of IPv6, the use of NAT will decrease.

In which countries are IPv4 and IPv6 used?

IPv4 and IPv6 are used all over the world. However, the use of IPv4 is more common and most of the internet still works over IPv4. Therefore, the use of IPv4 can be seen in more countries.

The use of IPv6 has been less common in the past and has been used more in European countries. However, today the use of IPv6 has increased all over the world and is being used in more and more countries. Especially, with the increase in the number of devices on the Internet, the use of IPv6 is expected to become widespread.

The intensity of IPv4 and IPv6 usage may vary from country to country. For example, some countries such as the USA and Japan may use IPv4 more heavily, while European countries may use IPv6 more widely. However, it seems that the use of IPv4 and IPv6 continues all over the world, and both protocols are used at the same time.

What advantages and disadvantages do IPv4 and IPv6 have?

Here are the advantages and disadvantages between IPv4 and IPv6:

Advantages:

  • IPv4:
    • It has been around longer and most of the internet still runs over IPv4. Therefore, IPv4 technology is better understood and offers more tools and solutions.
    • It requires less configuration and is easier to install.
    • Through the use of NAT (Network Address Translation), it can increase the number of IPv4 addresses.
  • IPv6:
    • It has a wider addressing capacity and makes it possible to connect more devices to the internet.
    • There is no need to use NAT and a more direct connection can be established.
    • It has stronger security features and provides a more secure connection between networks.
    • It enables the use of private network addresses.

Disadvantages:

  • IPv4:
    • The addressing capacity is limited and there is a risk of running out of addresses as the number of devices on the Internet increases.
    • Using NAT can create some problems and slow down the speed.
    • Security features are weak and may result in less secure connections between networks.
  • IPv6:
    • It is a newer technology and offers fewer tools and solutions.
    • It requires more configuration and is more difficult to install.
    • The use of private network addresses can create security vulnerabilities in some cases.
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